The analysis shows that plagiarism is typically produced by an interaction of factors such as weak academic writing skills, misunderstanding of citation norms, language barriers, time pressure, high stakes assessment, and inconsistent institutional responses. Consequences extend beyond grades and disciplinary action, affecting learning outcomes, research credibility, equity, and the reputation of institutions. Prevention is most effective when universities build a culture of academic integrity, teach writing and source use explicitly, redesign tasks to make dishonest shortcuts less attractive, and apply sanctions in a transparent and proportional way. The article concludes with an integrated framework for reducing plagiarism risk while supporting students’ development as ethical writers and responsible scholars.

Academic integrity, plagiarism, higher education

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