The article investigates the clinical and therapeutic complexities of managing inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Based on a comprehensive analysis of multi-center studies, three typological patterns of oral involvement are delineated, correlating with CKD severity and treatment modality. Patients undergoing hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and post-transplant therapy present with xerostomia, gingival hyperplasia, uremic mucositis, and opportunistic infections, frequently accompanied by alterations in the cytokine profile and epithelial atrophy. Salivary hypofunction, immune dysregulation, and mineral-bone metabolism disturbances are identified as key pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to mucosal degradation. Quantitative associations between dialysis duration, inflammatory markers in gingival crevicular fluid, and periodontal destruction are substantiated across clinical cohorts. The analysis reveals that standard dental protocols are insufficient for this patient category and require adaptation to the immunocompromised state and systemic instability. The integration of dental evaluation into nephrological care protocols is justified by the observed bidirectional influence between periodontal inflammation and renal function dynamics.

Chronic kidney disease, inflammatory oral mucosa, hemodialysis

Gupta M., Gupta M., Abhishek. Oral conditions in renal disorders and treatment considerations – A review for pediatric dentist // The Saudi Dental Journal. – 2015. – Vol. 27, no. 3. – P. 113–119.

Bots C.P., Poorterman J.H.G., Brand H.S. et al. The oral health status of dentate patients with chronic renal failure undergoing dialysis therapy // Oral Diseases. – 2006. – Vol. 12, no. 2. – P. 176–180.

Proctor R., Kumar N., Stein A. et al. Oral and dental aspects of chronic renal failure // Journal of Dental Research. – 2005. – Vol. 84, no. 3. – P. 199–208.

Costantinides F., Castronovo G., Vettori E. et al. Dental care for patients with end-stage renal disease and undergoing hemodialysis // International Journal of Dentistry. – 2018. – Article ID: 9610892. – 9 p.

Nwhator S.O., Ayanbadejo P.O., Umeizudike K.A. et al. Periodontal health of patients on hemodialysis and after renal transplantation: a systematic review // Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice. – 2015. – Vol. 18, no. 3. – P. 379–385.

Craig R.G. Interactions between chronic renal disease and periodontal disease // Oral Diseases. – 2008. – Vol. 14, no. 1. – P. 1–7.

Nasidze I., Quinque D., Li J. et al. Comparative analysis of human saliva microbiome composition and dynamics by high-throughput sequencing // Genome Research. – 2009. – Vol. 19, no. 5. – P. 961–971.

Klassen J.T., Krasko B.M. The dental health status of dialysis patients // Journal of the Canadian Dental Association. – 2002. – Vol. 68, no. 1. – P. 34–38.

de la Rosa-García E., Mondragón-Padilla A., Aranda-Romo S. et al. Oral mucosa lesions in end stage renal disease and non-end stage renal disease Mexican patients // Medicina Oral, Patología Oral y Cirugía Bucal. – 2006. – Vol. 11, no. 5. – P. E467–E473.

Zambon J.J., Grossi S.G., Machtei E.E. et al. Effects of smoking and periodontal disease on chronic kidney disease // Journal of Periodontology. – 1996. – Vol. 67, no. 10 Suppl. – P. 1083–1087.

Nylund K.M., Meurman J.H., Konttinen Y.T. et al. Salivary and serum inflammatory markers in patients with chronic kidney disease // Journal of Clinical Periodontology. – 2013. – Vol. 40, no. 10. – P. 964–970.

Kho H.S., Lee S.W., Chung S.C. et al. Oral manifestations and salivary flow rate, pH, and buffer capacity in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis // Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics. – 1999. – Vol. 88, no. 3. – P. 316–319.

Klassen J.T. Dental management of medically compromised patients // Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene. – 2001. – Vol. 35, no. 6. – P. 407–413.

Bayraktar G., Kurtulus I., Kazancioglu R. et al. Evaluation of periodontal parameters in patients before and after renal transplantation // Journal of Periodontology. – 2007. – Vol. 78, no. 4. – P. 674–678.

Binnie W.H., Rankin K.V. Oral manifestations of systemic diseases // In: Greenberg M.S., Glick M. (Eds.) Burket’s Oral Medicine. – 11th ed. – BC Decker Inc, 2008. – P. 561–593.