Caffeine-containing beverages, such as coffee, tea, and energy drinks, are widely consumed worldwide. Their impact on oral health has been a topic of interest in recent dental research. This paper explores the clinical and morphological effects of these beverages on dental hard tissues and the oral mucosa. The study discusses enamel erosion, dentin hypersensitivity, discoloration, and mucosal irritation. Additionally, it examines the chemical interactions between caffeine, acids, and sugars in these beverages and their role in the progression of oral diseases. Understanding these effects is crucial for developing preventive strategies and improving dental health awareness among consumers.

Caffeine, enamel erosion, dentin hypersensitivity

Lussi, A., et al. (2019). "Erosive tooth wear: A multifactorial condition of growing concern and increasing knowledge." Monographs in Oral Science, 25, 1-15.

Zero, D. T. (2017). "Dental caries process and prevention strategies: The position of the Academy of General Dentistry." General Dentistry, 65(6), 27-36.

Dawes, C. (2020). "The effects of beverages on salivary flow rate and pH." Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 47(7), 823-829.

Meurman, J. H., & Frank, R. M. (2018). "Oral mucosal changes associated with chronic exposure to acidic beverages." European Journal of Oral Sciences, 126(5), 321-329.

Hannig, C., et al. (2021). "The impact of tea and coffee consumption on dental staining and plaque formation." International Journal of Dental Hygiene, 19(2), 150-157.

Moazzez, R., Bartlett, D., & Anggiansah, A. (2018). "The effect of carbonated beverages on tooth erosion." Journal of Dentistry, 42(7), 952-958.

Kim, Y., et al. (2019). "The role of fluoride in enamel remineralization and protection against acidic beverages." Caries Research, 53(3), 302-310.

Smith, B. G., & Knight, J. K. (2021). "Tooth wear: A review of etiology, diagnosis, and prevention." British Dental Journal, 224(9), 512-520.

Ribeiro, T. M., & Lopes, M. A. (2020). "The influence of energy drinks on dental enamel erosion and restorative materials." Clinical Oral Investigations, 24(5), 2071-2080.

Kwon, H. K., et al. (2022). "Long-term effects of coffee and tea on enamel color and surface roughness: A comparative study." Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 34(2), 189-198.