By the end of the 20th century, global linguistics had increasingly shifted its focus toward analyzing speech structures and the communicative activities associated with them from the perspective of both the speaker and the interlocutor. In modern linguistic theory, the concept of discourse has emerged as a result of approaches aimed at studying speech patterns within interactive communication. A variety of theoretical perspectives have been proposed on discourse, and their analysis is essential for synthesizing differing viewpoints and identifying interrelations among them. Historically, the term text was often used interchangeably with discourse. However, over time, a distinction has been drawn: text generally refers to written communication, while discourse typically implies spoken interaction. This article explores the core essence of discourse and critically examines the major theoretical approaches to its study, with a particular emphasis on military discourse.

Discourse, text, military discourse

Abdurakhmonova, N. The Boundaries of Discourse and Text Concepts in Linguistics and Their Relationship with Each Other. Tashkent, 2022.

Arutyunova, N.D. Discourse. In: Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary. Moscow, 1990.

Demyankov, V.Z. The Theory of Interpretation in Applied Linguistics. In: Problems of Computational Linguistics and Automatic Text Processing in Natural Language. Moscow: MSU, 1980. Pp. 125-158.

Dijk van, T.A. The Study of Discourse. Discourse as Structure and Process. Discourse Studies: A Multidisciplinary Introduction. London – Thousand Oaks – New Delhi: SAGE Publications, 1997. Vol. 1. 352 p.

Gee, J.P. An Introduction to Discourse Analysis. Theory and Practice. Routledge, 2005. P. 209.

Manaenko, G.N. Speech, Text, and Language Related to Discourse. In: Language, Text, Discourse: Inter-University Publishing. Stavropol; Pyatigorsk: PGLU, 2003. Pp. 26-40.

Pardayev, A. On the Definition of the Word. "Internauka": Scientific Journal, Part 2. Moscow, 2017. No. 11(15).

Safarov, Sh. Pragmatics. Tashkent, 2008.

Schiffrin, D. Approaches to Discourse. Oxford; Cambridge, MA, 1994.

Shukurov, U.I. Political Discourse: Theoretical Foundations and Communicative Strategy. Philol. Sci. Dissertation Abstract. Andijan, 2023.

Zellig, S.Harris. Discourse Analysis (journal article). Linguistic Society of America, 1952.