American Journal of Philological Sciences

Quantitative Functional-Semantic Field in English And Uzbek: Core-Periphery Model and Typological Asymmetries

Abdiyeva Saida — 2026-03-15

This paper systematizes quantitative markers in English and Uzbek within the functional-semantic field framework using a core-periphery model. It inventories grammatical, lexical and syntactic means of quantification, assigns them to the core, near periphery and far periphery based on paradigmatic and semantic criteria, and highlights typological asymmetries such as analytic versus agglutinative coding, as well as countability and determination gaps. The study employs componential semantic analysis, contrastive typology, corpus-informed observations and field modeling. The findings show that while the core layer is largely universal (numerals, number/plurality, basic quantifiers), peripheral zones exhibit stronger language-specific patterns, including Uzbek derivational and distributive morphology and English determiner-driven quantification. The model has implications for translation, corpus annotation and pedagogy.

Principles of Artistic and Psychological Depiction of The Adolescent Character in Western Literary Studies

Sevara Shermamatova — 2026-03-17

This article examines the principal artistic and psychological techniques employed by Western literary scholars and authors to portray adolescent characters in fiction. Drawing on theoretical frameworks from narratology, developmental psychology, and cultural studies, the study investigates how interior monologue, free indirect discourse, unreliable narration, and the Bildungsroman tradition collectively shape adolescent subjectivity in canonical and contemporary Western literature. Through a mixed-methods approach encompassing close reading of ten representative texts and corpus-based content analysis of eighty-seven peer-reviewed critical articles, four dominant principles emerge: psychological realism, identity formation through social conflict, trauma-informed narration, and the symbolic use of spatial and relational settings. The findings suggest that Western literary criticism has progressively privileged an interior, psychologically layered model of adolescent characterisation since the mid-twentieth century, with growing attention to gender, race, and intersectionality in recent decades. Implications for comparative literary pedagogy and cross-cultural analysis of youth fiction are discussed.

Lexical Size, Cultural Self, And Heritage Bilingual Belonging: A Semantic–Stylistic Analysis Of English “Big” Synonyms In Family-Mediated Language Use

Dr. Sofia Laurent — 2026-03-01

Heritage bilingualism is sustained or disrupted through everyday lexical choices that simultaneously carry semantic content and social meaning. This study examines how English size adjectives (e.g., big and its near-synonyms) function as a semantic–stylistic resource in heritage bilingual usage, and how such choices interact with identity positioning, belonging, and family-mediated language maintenance. Building on theoretical accounts of lexical semantics and synonymy, the analysis treats “size” not as a purely denotational category but as a culturally indexical domain in which register, affect, and stance become visible through word selection (Palmer, 1981; Soule & Smith, 1946; Taylor, 2017). The study integrates (a) corpus-guided semantic mapping using lexicographic sources and WordNet-informed synonym networks as a pedagogical and analytic scaffold (Phan, 2024; WordNet, n.d.; Wehmeier, 2015), and (b) interpretive analysis of bilingual family and youth experiences reported in contemporary bilingualism scholarship, emphasizing interactional context, family language policy, and community support as mediators of bilingual outcomes (Andrea et al., 2024; Beatty-Martínez et al., 2020; De Houwer & Bornstein, 2022; Jo et al., 2023). Findings show that heritage bilingual speakers’ lexical preferences for big synonyms cluster around three interrelated functions: (1) identity alignment through “safe” high-frequency vocabulary versus identity display through marked or regionally salient synonyms, (2) affective nuance and evaluative control in family and peer interaction, and (3) social integration strategies that minimize linguistic friction in majority-language spaces while preserving culturally meaningful expressions within heritage contexts (Kadir, 2021; Irving Torsh, 2020; Lundberg, 2020). The article argues that size adjective choice provides a micro-level indicator of macro-level heritage language dynamics, and proposes implications for heritage language pedagogy, digital preservation initiatives, and family/community support models (Hutson et al., 2024; Kubota & Bale, 2020).

The Role of Speech Practice in The Activation of Neologisms

Anvar Botirovich Akhmedov — 2026-03-17

This article analyzes the influence of speech practice on the activation of neologisms based on materials from the German and Uzbek languages. The study examines the emergence of new lexical units and their connection with communicative needs, social changes, and discourse environments. Speech practice is interpreted as an important mechanism through which neologisms are created, semantically shaped, socially accepted, and gradually integrated into the language system. Particular attention is paid to the role of modern media, internet communication, and digital technologies in accelerating the spread of new words. Using examples such as Homeoffice, Covidiot, masofaviy ta’lim, and onlayn to‘lov, the article demonstrates how neologisms develop through speech practice and eventually become stable lexical units.

Interpretation of Artistic Images in Khorezm Epics (Based on The Views of Omonilla Madayev)

Mamadaliyeva Mamlakat Qahramon qizi — 2026-03-12

This article discusses the views of the scholar Omonilla Madayev on the Khorezm epics. The images in these epics and their specific aspects are analyzed separately. Explained with examples.

Features of The Translation of Automotive Lexical Units in The Compared Languages

Bazarbaev Azamat Baxramovich — 2026-03-17

The article analyzes the linguistic, pragmatic, and cultural problems that arise in the translation of lexical units related to the automotive industry between English and Uzbek. The study pays special attention to the issue of ensuring functional-semantic equivalence in the translation of technical terms. Also, lexical inconsistencies, cultural differences, and pragmatic factors encountered in the translation process are analyzed, and the importance of linguistic transformation methods in their elimination is highlighted. The article substantiates the need to consider pragmatic, cultural, linguistic, and textual aspects in the translation of terms in the automotive industry.

Transformation of Turkic Mythological Archetypes in Contemporary Literature: From Epic Code to Literary Symbol

Olima Abdivaliyevna Xolmurodova — 2026-03-15

This study investigates how mythological archetypes from Turkic oral epic traditions undergo transformation, recodification, and symbolic re-deployment in the contemporary literary production of Uzbek, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Uyghur, and Turkish writers (1940s–2020s). Building on the theoretical framework of mythological code analysis (Lévi-Strauss), archetypal transformation theory (Jung, Neumann), and postcolonial literary criticism (Bhabha, Said), the research analyses twenty-three literary works in which pre-Islamic Turkic mythological figures — Tengri, the Alp hero, Umay Ana, Albasti, the Cosmic Tree, and the Underworld motif — are identifiably redeployed as literary symbols. Six transformation typologies are identified and systematised: continuation, secularisation, inversion, hybridisation, politicisation, and aestheticisation. The analysis reveals that mythological archetypes function as a persistent cultural grammar that authors consciously activate to negotiate tensions between national identity, Soviet-era ideological imposition, postcolonial recovery, and globalisation. These findings contribute to comparative literary studies, Turkic cultural studies, and the theory of mythological transformation in modern literature.

Morphosyntactic Structure of Verb Forms in English And Karakalpak Languages

Jumabaeva Aysara Esenbay qizi — 2026-03-12

This article examines the morphosyntactic structure of verb forms in English and Karakalpak languages from a comparative linguistic perspective. The study analyzes how grammatical categories such as tense, aspect, mood, voice, person, and number are expressed in both languages. Since English belongs to the analytic language type and Karakalpak is an agglutinative Turkic language, their verbal systems demonstrate important structural differences. English typically expresses grammatical meanings through auxiliary verbs and analytical constructions, while Karakalpak verbs encode many grammatical categories through suffixation attached to the verb stem. The results indicate that English relies more on syntactic mechanisms, whereas Karakalpak shows a richer morphological structure of verbs.

Word Formаtion Of Plаnt Nаmes In the Uzbek Lаnguаge: Structurаl Аnd Derivаtionаl Feаtures

Mаjidovа Khulkаr Ibrokhimovnа — 2026-03-17

Todау, in the context of the rаpid development of science аnd technologу, improving the terminologу of eаch scientific field is а cruciаl tаsk. In pаrticulаr, botаnу, аs а science thаt studies the plаnt world, hаs its own sуstem of scientific concepts. Cleаr аnd logicаl expression of these concepts requires а well-developed sуstem of botаnicаl terms.

To this end, this аrticle аnаlуzes the feаtures of word formаtion in the phуtonуmic vocаbulаrу of the Uzbek lаnguаge, аs well аs the processes of botаnicаl term formаtion аnd their linguistic studу аs аn importаnt fаctor.

Network Marketing Within the Commercial Discourse System: Linguistic Strategies and Mechanisms of Pragmatic Influence

Kholisova Gavkharoy Mannobjon qizi — 2026-03-15

In the discourse of network marketing, central roles are played by key lexemes with positive connotations, such as "freedom," "financial independence," "personal growth," and "opportunity." Within this communicative environment, the seller positions themselves not as a salesperson, but as a "business consultant" or "mentor." This strategy of linguistic masking serves to reduce the customer's natural defensive reaction toward making a purchase. The texts frequently employ inclusive speech formulas, such as "You deserve this" or "Change your life," which are specifically designed to foster engagement and involve the addressee in the interaction process.

Convergent Characteristics of Media Texts

Feruza Yakubova — 2026-03-18

This article analyzes the concept of media text, its role in the modern information space, and the characteristics that are formed under the conditions of media convergence. In addition, the convergent characteristics of media texts such as multimedia, interactivity, hypertextuality, and cross-platform distribution are scientifically examined. The results of the study show that media texts are acquiring new forms and functions in the digital communication environment.

Expression of Emotional Devices in Male and Female Speech (Based on The Uzbek And French Languages)

Dilshod Komiljonovich Axmedov — 2026-03-11

This article examines the use of emotional linguistic devices in male and female speech based on Uzbek and French language materials. The main objective of the study is to identify the linguistic and pragmatic features of emotional expression in the speech of different gender groups. The research is based on the analysis of literary texts, interviews, questionnaires, and observational data. Particular attention is paid to interjections, introductory words, evaluative adjectives, and metaphorical expressions as means of emotional expression. The results of the statistical analysis show that emotional and evaluative linguistic units occur more frequently in female speech than in male speech. Women tend to employ expressive vocabulary, interjections, and metaphorical language more actively, whereas men generally demonstrate a more restrained and rational manner of expressing emotions. Furthermore, the study reveals that French communicative culture maintains a balance between emotionality and formality, while Uzbek speech is characterized by a higher degree of emotional expressiveness and interpersonal closeness. The findings contribute to the fields of gender linguistics, sociolinguistics, and discourse analysis.

A Comparative Semantic and Linguocultural Analysis of The Concept “Woman” In Uzbek And English

Ohunova Nozima Alisher qizi — 2026-03-17

This article presents a comparative semantic and linguocultural analysis of lexical units representing the concept “woman” in Uzbek and English. The study examines denotative and connotative meanings, socio-cultural motivations, and gender-related semantic shifts reflected in both languages. The findings demonstrate that in Uzbek linguistic consciousness the concept is strongly associated with family roles, moral responsibility, modesty, and honour, whereas in English it reflects individuality, equality, autonomy, and social independence. The research confirms that semantic differences are rooted not only in lexical structures but also in cultural schematization and cognitive framing. The study contributes to gender linguistics, cross-cultural semantics, and linguoculturologyThis article presents a comparative semantic and linguocultural analysis of lexical units representing the concept “woman” in Uzbek and English. The study examines denotative and connotative meanings, socio-cultural motivations, and gender-related semantic shifts reflected in both languages. The findings demonstrate that in Uzbek linguistic consciousness the concept is strongly associated with family roles, moral responsibility, modesty, and honour, whereas in English it reflects individuality, equality, autonomy, and social independence. The research confirms that semantic differences are rooted not only in lexical structures but also in cultural schematization and cognitive framing. The study contributes to gender linguistics, cross-cultural semantics, and linguoculturology.

The Use of Interactive Methods in Teaching Russian Language at Universities in Uzbekistan

Nigora Jumanazarovna Bozorova — 2026-03-15

In Uzbekistan's rapidly reforming higher education system, Russian language instruction plays a crucial role for non-philological students across fields such as medicine, engineering, economics, IT, tourism, and law. Russian serves as a gateway to professional literature, international cooperation within the Eurasian space, and career opportunities in multilingual environments. Despite this importance, students frequently encounter barriers: theoretical knowledge of grammar and vocabulary rarely translates into fluent spontaneous speech, motivation declines due to repetitive drills, and psychological anxiety hinders real communication. Interactive methods — active, student-centered approaches emphasizing collaboration, practical application, and engagement — offer an effective solution. Techniques like role-playing, brainstorming, the "carousel," "aquarium," project-based learning, gamification, and blended digital tools significantly enhance communicative competence, reduce speaking fear, boost retention, and increase intrinsic motivation. This expanded article draws on recent Uzbek pedagogical research (2023–2026), classroom experiences from universities in Qarshi, Tashkent, Bukhara, Samarkand, and other regions, and practical examples tailored to Uzbek-speaking learners. It aims to equip university students, future specialists, and young instructors with actionable insights and evidence-based recommendations for adopting these methods.

The Lexical-Semantic Representation of Shame in English And Uzbek: A Cognitive and Linguocultural Perspective

Xolmurodova Gulhayo Ne’matovna — 2026-03-18

This article examines the lexical-semantic field of shame in English and Uzbek from the perspectives of cognitive linguistics and cultural linguistics. The study treats shame not merely as a linguistic unit, but as a culturally embedded moral-emotional concept reflecting systems of value, social norms, and patterns of interpersonal evaluation. The research draws on componential analysis, contextual analysis, conceptual interpretation, and linguoculturological analysis to identify the semantic structure, phraseological realizations, metaphorical models, and pragmatic functions of shame-related lexemes in the two languages.

The findings indicate that English and Uzbek share a common conceptual core in representing shame as a negatively marked social emotion associated with moral transgression, social disapproval, and loss of esteem. At the same time, the two languages differ in the internal organization and cultural salience of the lexical-semantic field. In Uzbek, the field is more closely associated with collective values, family reputation, modesty, honor, and socially regulated conduct. In English, the field displays broader lexical differentiation across related emotional and ethical states such as shame, embarrassment, humiliation, and guilt, often foregrounding the individual’s inner emotional and moral experience.

The study also demonstrates that shame is metaphorically represented in both languages through bodily, spatial, and evaluative imagery, although the cultural distribution and functional significance of these metaphors differ. These distinctions suggest that emotional concepts are shaped by both universal cognitive mechanisms and culture-specific patterns of meaning construction. The results contribute to comparative lexical semantics, intercultural communication, translation studies, and research in cognitive linguistics.

The Epistemic and Interpretative Role of Metaphor in Uzbek Scientific Discourse

Shahlo Khamroeva Mirdjanovna — 2026-03-11

This article examines the epistemic and interpretative role of metaphor in Uzbek scientific discourse from a cognitive-discursive perspective. The study investigates how metaphorical units contribute to the formation, conceptualization, structuring, and interpretation of scientific knowledge in Uzbek-language academic texts. The theoretical framework is grounded in Conceptual Metaphor Theory developed by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson. The research is based on a corpus of Uzbek scientific articles, dissertations, and monographs, within which metaphorical expressions were identified, classified, and systematized into conceptual models. The corpus comprises texts from linguistics, pedagogy, and social sciences, allowing cross-disciplinary comparison of metaphorical patterns. The analysis demonstrates that structural, ontological, and orientational metaphors function as cognitive instruments that facilitate nomination, terminological stabilization, theoretical modeling, and explanatory coherence. Scientific processes are frequently conceptualized through metaphors of construction, mechanisms, systems, motion, and spatial relations, enabling abstract knowledge to be interpreted through embodied experiential domains. The findings confirm that metaphor in Uzbek scientific discourse operates not as a decorative stylistic device, but as a fundamental epistemic and interpretative mechanism structuring scientific reasoning and shaping knowledge representation.

Analysis of The Functioning of Derivative Vocabulary in Russian Proverbs and Sayings

Sheribaev Ernazar Bazarbaevich — 2026-03-17

This article examines the role of derivative vocabulary in Russian proverbs and sayings, focusing on morphological and semantic aspects of word formation. It explores how affixation, including prefixes and suffixes, contributes to the expressiveness and conciseness of proverbs. The study highlights the influence of derivation on meaning, stylistic devices, and the cultural value of proverbs, showing how linguistic economy and evaluative suffixes shape proverbial expressions.

The Interaction of Theme and Form in Literary Works

Ismailova Khurliman Najimatdinovna — 2026-03-12

This research examines the interaction between theme and form in literary works, focusing on how artistic structure, narrative techniques, and stylistic devices contribute to the development and expression of central ideas. The study analyzes how form functions not merely as a vessel for meaning but as an active element that shapes thematic interpretation. Through close reading and comparative analysis of selected literary texts, the research demonstrates that theme and form exist in a dynamic, interdependent relationship. Changes in narrative perspective, genre conventions, symbolism, and language influence the reader’s perception of meaning and emotional impact.

Emotional Concept in The Worldview of Diverse Linguistic Systems: A Comparative Study of Metaphorical and Metonymic Models Of “Anger”

Ashurbaeva Sarvinoz Kholmirzaevna — 2026-03-17

This article explores the conceptualization of the emotion anger (referred to as “g‘azab” in Uzbek) within the worldview of diverse linguistic systems, drawing on conceptual metaphor theory and conceptual metonymy theory. Through a comparative analysis of metaphorical and metonymic models in typologically varied languages (primarily English, Uzbek, and Russian), the study identifies near-universal patterns rooted in embodied physiological experiences—such as anger is heat, anger is pressure, anger is fire, and anger is an opponent—while highlighting culture- and language-specific variations in salience, elaboration, and additional mappings. The research employs corpus-based and lexical approaches to examine linguistic expressions, idioms, and proverbs, demonstrating how embodied universality interacts with cultural norms, social values, and contextual factors to shape folk models of anger.

Semantic Features of Phraseological Units in The Uzbek Language

Almamatova Shahnoza — 2026-03-15

This article examines the semantic features of phraseological units in the Uzbek language from the perspective of modern linguistics and linguodidactics. Phraseological units represent one of the most expressive and culturally marked layers of the lexical system, reflecting not only stable figurative meanings but also the national worldview, value orientations, and communicative traditions of the people. The purpose of the study is to identify the main semantic properties of Uzbek phraseological units, explain the mechanisms of their meaning formation, and determine their functional role in speech and text. The research is based on descriptive, semantic, comparative, and contextual analysis methods. The article discusses the relationship between direct and figurative meaning, semantic integrity, reinterpreted nomination, emotional-expressive coloring, polysemy, synonymy, antonymy, and national-cultural specificity within Uzbek phraseology. Special attention is paid to the interaction between phraseological meaning and lexical meaning, as well as to the contextual transformation of phraseological units in artistic and everyday discourse. The findings show that the semantics of phraseological units in Uzbek is characterized by complexity, figurativeness, stability, and cultural depth. Phraseological units function as semantic wholes whose meanings are not reducible to the sum of their components, and this feature distinguishes them from free word combinations. The study concludes that phraseological semantics occupies an important place in the system of the Uzbek language and requires comprehensive analysis in theoretical linguistics, lexicography, stylistics, and language teaching methodology.

The Role of Digital Tools in Enhancing Communication Skills in English Among High School Students

Torejanova Altinay — 2026-03-12

This article examines the role of digital tools in enhancing English communication skills among high school students. Drawing on contemporary research from diverse educational contexts, the study analyzes various digital platforms and applications—including aipowered speech evaluation tools, video conferencing platforms, language learning apps, and pronunciation software—and their impact on developing students' speaking proficiency, listening comprehension, and overall communicative competence. The research synthesizes findings from recent experimental studies demonstrating significant improvements in fluency, pronunciation, vocabulary, and learner confidence through technology integration. Challenges such as limited infrastructure, teacher preparedness, and digital literacy are also discussed. The article proposes a comprehensive framework for effectively integrating digital tools into high school English instruction, with particular attention to the Karakalpak educational context.

The Depiction of The Inner Psyche of The Hero in The Creation of Artistic Psychologism

Oripova Kamola Davlatovna — 2026-03-17

The state examines the depiction of a character's inner psyche through artistic psychology. Information is provided about the individual's lifestyle, personal life, life path, background, psychology, inner experiences, character traits, and biographies. In pious psychology, as a result of the perception and analysis of the character's psyche, mental states are depicted, reflected in the work of art. Particular attention is paid to the writer's depiction of the spiritual world and mental states of their characters.

The Role of Media Literacy in Studying Mass Media Texts

Mirzaeva Nargiza Abdukakharovna — 2026-03-15

This study analyzes the media linguistic and media pedagogical aspects of developing media literacy. The genre, stylistic, and pragmatic features of media texts, as well as the mechanisms of their influence on the audience, are examined based on theoretical sources. In the context of intensifying information flows, media literacy is evaluated as a crucial factor in ensuring an individual's information security. Additionally, the issue of developing cognitive and communicative competencies through critical analysis of media texts in the education system is scientifically substantiated.

The Concept of Media Texts, Directions of Their Study, Aspects of Media Linguistics and Problems of Studying the Language of Media

Shamaksudova Saodat Khidoyatovna — 2026-03-18

The article discusses the concept of media text, areas of their study, aspects of media linguistics and the study of media language. The methodological apparatus, internal structure and main sections of media linguistics are considered. As a result of the rapid development in recent years of the level of study of the media in world linguistics, it became known that the language of the media is studied on the basis of its many connections and functions. The research material was collected using Uzbek and foreign literature. The aim of the work is to show the need for an integrated approach to the study of media texts, which is the main object of research in media linguistics.

Comparative Analysis of The Qarnoq Dialect and The Historical Lexicon of The Uzbek Language

Aralova Lobar Akbar qizi — 2026-03-12

The Qarnoq dialect, spoken in the historical village of Qarnoq near Turkistan, Kazakhstan, represents a linguistically rich variant of the Uzbek language, preserving numerous Old Turkic lexical and grammatical features. This study provides a comparative analysis between the Qarnoq dialect and Mahmud al-Kashgari’s Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk, focusing on selected nouns and verbs that illustrate both semantic and morphological correspondences. The analysis demonstrates that a significant portion of the Qarnoq lexicon retains archaic forms and original meanings, reflecting the historical continuity of the language. Furthermore, preliminary comparisons suggest that some lexemes in the Dīwān may have been recorded directly from the speech of Qarnoq inhabitants, supporting hypotheses regarding Kashgari’s potential visit to the village. This study highlights the importance of dialectal research in historical linguistics, Uzbek dialectology, and intangible cultural heritage, emphasizing the role of Qarnoq speech in tracing the evolution of the Uzbek language and preserving its historical lexicon.

Linguopoetic Strategies of American Detective Novels: A Case Study of Stephen King

Soliyev Firuz Furkatovich — 2026-03-17

Detective fiction, celebrated for its intricate plots and intellectually engaging mysteries, also provides colorful source for linguistic and stylistic study. The present research explores the unique linguopoetic strategies employed by Stephen King in his contribution to the genre, with particular attention to the Bill Hodges Trilogy, which includes novels of Mr. Mercedes, Finders Keepers, and End of Watch. By focusing on subtle, often overlooked features of King’s language use, this study explores how author manipulates narrative voice, character psychology, and reader perception through linguistic means that transcend conventional detective genre tropes. Article also touches upon writer’s linguistic and poetic devices to create colorful narrative of suspense and mystery.

Functions of Characters in Fairy Tales

Kabulova Umida Sayidmakhamedovna — 2026-03-15

This article examines the distribution of special story-ending formulas in Uzbek folk tales, as well as the prevalence of story-ending formulas in European folk tales. Furthermore, as a traditional type of fairy tale text, the main body of the text contains information about the main events, while the concluding section contains information about the resolution of all contradictions and a happy ending, as well as neurolinguistic features.

Cross-Linguistic Compatibility in Expressing Value Concepts

Kuchimova Parizod Tulqin qizi — 2026-03-18

This article examines how different languages encode and express value concepts such as good vs. bad, moral worth, social norms, politeness, obligation, honor, and fairness, and the extent to which these concepts are compatible or divergent across linguistic and cultural systems. It explores semantic, pragmatic, and cultural factors that influence how values are lexicalized, grammaticalized, or implied in discourse. Cross-linguistic comparison highlights both universal tendencies (e.g., evaluative adjectives, modal expressions of obligation) and language-specific patterns shaped by cultural worldviews. By analyzing similarities and differences across languages, this topic contributes to understanding how language reflects cultural values and how communicative compatibility can be achieved in multilingual contexts.

Fine Tuning Strategies for Uzbek And Russian Neural Machine Translation

Avezov Sukhrob Sobirovich — 2026-03-11

The article examines which fine tuning strategy is most rational for Uzbek and Russian neural machine translation under low resource conditions and domain variation. The analysis compares six model lines, MarianMT, mBART 50, M2M100, NLLB 200, uzT5, and SeamlessM4T, through a structured set of linguistic diagnostics that includes agglutination, analytic verb forms, terminology, named entities, script variation, and discourse dependent ambiguity. The study is not presented as a large scale benchmark with new numerical scores. Instead, it offers an evidence based analytical comparison grounded in Russian language scholarship, open academic reports, and an author designed stress test for Uzbek and Russian. The main result is that no single architecture is optimal for every scenario. NLLB 200 and mBART 50 appear most promising as core backbones for supervised adaptation, MarianMT remains useful in narrow institutional domains, uzT5 is valuable as an Uzbek aware auxiliary model, and SeamlessM4T is strategically relevant for future speech to speech pipelines rather than as the default pure text solution.

The Poetics of Vladimir Nabokov’s Russian Novels in The Synthesis of Modernism and Postmodernism

Pulatova Sabina Sharifovna — 2026-03-17

This article examines the unique artistic synthesis of modernist and postmodernist poetics within the Russian novels of Vladimir Nabokov. By analyzing the evolution from his early Russian works to his major English-language novels, specifically “Pnin” and “Lolita”, the study identifies a distinctive shift in structural architecture and narrative play. The analysis focuses on how V.Nabokov’s cosmopolitan journey informed his experimentation with intertextuality, irony, and the “matryoshka” principle of nested narratives. It argues that V.Nabokov’s creative output serves as a comprehensive literary map, bridging the gap between European aesthetic traditions and the emerging postmodern sensibilities of the mid-20th century. Ultimately, the study highlights how author’s linguistic transition redefined the boundaries of the novel genre, establishing a metapoetic system that prioritizes aesthetic bliss over objective realism.