American Journal of Philological Sciences

Analysis of The Concepts of Term, Terminology, And Nomenclature in The Field of Irrigation

2025-06-12T18:22:46+00:00

This paper examines the conceptual and practical distinctions among terms, terminology, and nomenclature within the field of irrigation. Terms function as basic linguistic units denoting fundamental concepts or objects, while terminology represents the structured collection of specialized words that experts rely upon for precise communication. Nomenclature, often governed by formal rules, contributes clarity by systematically naming components, processes, and classifications relevant to irrigation. These three linguistic elements collectively shape how knowledge is transmitted across research, policy-making, and daily operational practices. Through an interdisciplinary lens, this study underscores how consistent usage of a shared vocabulary enhances collaboration, reduces ambiguity in both scholarly and field-based applications, and fosters global alignment on best practices for sustainable water management. Recognizing the evolutionary nature of terminology is equally vital, as innovation and changing environmental conditions continuously introduce new methods and concepts. Thus, maintaining flexibility in linguistic structures while preserving core definitions emerges as a key strategy for addressing contemporary challenges, including water scarcity and climate variability. Ultimately, precise communication through well-defined terminological frameworks is an operational necessity, supporting the adaptability and resilience of irrigation systems on both local and international scales.

J.L. Austin And the Philosophy of Speech Acts: Language, Meaning, And Action

2025-06-16T06:35:28+00:00

J.L. Austin played a pivotal role in the linguistic turn in philosophy during the twentieth century, particularly through his influence on both analytic and ordinary language philosophy. Unlike many philosophers who saw the study of language as a philosophical priority, Austin approached it as a matter of common sense and scholarly responsibility. His methods, focused on the systematic study of linguistic expressions, led to significant contributions in areas like lexical semantics, speech act theory, and the philosophy of perception. Austin’s distinction between ‘constative’ and ‘performative’ utterances, and his development of illocutionary acts, paved the way for future work in speech act theory, influencing philosophers such as Searle. In his later work, Sense and Sensibilia, Austin applied his methods to the philosophy of perception, rejecting the view of direct perception of material objects and contributing to the debate on realism in perception. This paper explores Austin’s methods, his theory of illocutionary acts, and his approach to philosophical analysis, highlighting their lasting impact on the philosophy of language and perception.

Challenges in the Evolution of the Uzbek Language in Contemporary Society

2025-05-29T10:50:12+00:00

The Uzbek language, a Turkic language with a rich historical and cultural heritage, holds the status of the state language in Uzbekistan. Despite its official recognition and significant cultural importance, its development and broader societal integration face several contemporary challenges. This article explores these multifaceted issues, including the impact of historical linguistic policies, the influence of globalization and other languages, the role of education in language promotion, and the challenges related to standardization and technological adaptation. Drawing upon existing scholarly discussions and public discourse, this paper highlights the complexities involved in fostering the growth of the Uzbek language in a rapidly changing world. It emphasizes the need for concerted efforts in linguistic research, educational reform, and digital integration to ensure the vitality and functional expansion of Uzbek in all spheres of modern society.

A New Approach to Creating an Independent Corps

2025-06-13T07:14:07+00:00

In the field of linguistics, there exist multiple techniques for examining literary works that enable us to explore different dimensions of the language and stylistic choices of poets and authors. Below, we concentrate on the most prevalent and significant methods of examination aimed at investigating the author's unique linguistic style.

A Look at The Life and Work of Haji Muin

2025-06-16T07:18:10+00:00

The article briefly touches upon the life and work of Hoji Muin Shukurullo o'g'li, one of the representatives of the Jadid movement.

The Use of Mixed Methods in Measuring the Impact of Technology-Assisted Language Learning (TALL)

2025-06-11T11:07:08+00:00

This article explores the use of mixed methods research to study how Technology-Assisted Language Learning (TALL) affects language acquisition. By combining both quantitative and qualitative approaches, the research captures a complete picture of how digital tools support vocabulary growth, grammar improvement, learner motivation, and autonomy. The findings show that TALL has the potential to significantly enhance the language learning experience when designed and used effectively.

The Historical Necessity of The Formation of Parties in Uzbekistan

2025-06-15T12:03:03+00:00

The article analyzes the development leaders of the political parties operating in the process of deepening democratic reforms and the formation of civil society in the Republic of Uzbekistan, and the ideologies they rely on.

The Gradual Development of The Genesis of National Prose

2025-06-13T06:59:44+00:00

Literature is an integral part of human life. Humanity has appeared that the palette of talent, scattered from its mind and mind, has caused it to live directly with the magic of art and literature, to enjoy the secrets of the universe. And the desire to understand, feel and understand the phenomena that are happening around the Lord in the human soul, we will not exaggerate to say that he served as a tamaddun in the emergence of modern literature. And life is the main source of literature that surrounds a person. Because as life is, so are the societies that arise in it. As society develops, the literature in it also begins to change. The ideological content in literature, while the aesthetic ideal, develops according to the demand of the era and times. While the literary hero embodies both positive and negative aspects, he directly reflects the essence of the period in which the creator lived. Why, by the way, the creator does not take into account the sum of his impressions from the events and phenomena that took place in the life of the society in which he lives, but polished and enriched in his literary thinking. And the reader familiar with the work of art will feel the experiences that the creator felt, will live with him in the life of that time, which we would not exaggerate to say.

The Functional Styles of Speech

2025-06-16T07:06:04+00:00

In this article, the similarities and difference of the styles of conversation, official, scientific, publicist and arty speech aspects and other characteristics are analyzed. The styles of speech of each language within its own entirely holistic system are discussed, and for the purpose of expression, language’s characterization based on the organization and repetition openly discussed. The coloring of the styles of speech based on the words, grammatical shape and grammatical structure are strongly highlighted. The styles of speech are separated subject to nationwide language materials system and it is interpreted within mentioned scope of system as well.

A Cross-Cultural Analysis of The Typology of War and Battle Lexemes in English

2025-06-11T10:33:30+00:00

This paper explores the typological variety of war- and battle-related lexemes in English, focusing on both literal and metaphorical formations. Using a linguocultural and lexicographic approach, it examines their semantic categories, diachronic development, and conceptual framing, with comparative analysis from Uzbek. The study finds that English possesses a highly diversified lexical field shaped by historical, ideological, and media-driven influences. In contrast, Uzbek equivalents reflect both structural gaps and growing lexical borrowing due to globalization. This research contributes to the understanding of cross-cultural lexical typology and the cognitive framing of conflict.

On the Formation of Transport Logistics Terminology in Modern Chinese Language

2025-06-14T13:46:02+00:00

This scientific article examines the principles and mechanisms of term formation in the field of transport logistics in modern Chinese. It analyzes the linguistic and structural features of the most commonly used terms in this field, paying special attention to their word formation models, sources of borrowing, and semantic adaptation. The study highlights the active role of internationalization and the influence of English on the formation of Chinese logistics terminology, as well as the importance of standardization and unification in professional communication.

Theoretical and Methodological Foundations for The Study of Diminutives

2025-06-13T06:51:32+00:00

Diminutiveness represents a multifaceted linguistic category that transcends mere denotation of smallness, integrating morphological, semantic, pragmatic, and cognitive components. This article explores the core functions and forms of diminutives across different language families, with emphasis on their expressive, evaluative, and socio-cultural significance. Drawing upon cross-linguistic evidence, the study analyzes how diminutive constructions serve as communicative tools for encoding affective stance, politeness, irony, and emotional intimacy. It also considers the implications of diminutive use in bilingual and intercultural contexts, highlighting emerging hybrid models. The findings suggest that diminutives are not only morphological artifacts but also cognitive and socio-pragmatic instruments that enrich communicative style and social interaction. The study underscores the need for further empirical inquiry into diminutiveness within translation studies, foreign language pedagogy, and intercultural communication frameworks.

Artistic Visual Means in Folk Epics

2025-06-16T06:53:45+00:00

The article provides a scientific analysis of the use of artistic means of depiction in folk epics, their artistic interpretation and socio-spiritual content. The study examines the significance of artistic means of depiction in the epic «Ravshan», one of the brightest examples of Uzbek oral folk art, and their place in the epic.

Theoretical Views on Cognitive Metaphor

2025-06-10T09:49:03+00:00

The topic of metaphor has long been a focal point for linguists and has been deeply studied by both local and international scholars. Linguists worldwide have expressed their theoretical views and conducted thorough analyses on the main concepts of cognitive metaphor theory, its significance in language and thought, and its role in communication and cognition. This article analyzes the perspectives of the founders of cognitive metaphor theory as well as those linguists who have studied and interpreted it.

The Development of The Essay Genre in Chinese Literature

2025-06-14T13:39:24+00:00

This article explores the development of the essay genre in Chinese literature, tracing its evolution from historical roots to contemporary trends. The earliest forms of the essay in China date back to the Tang Dynasty. Sanwen (散文), or the essay, is one of the most prominent genres in Chinese literature, having undergone significant transformations and evolutions over the centuries. Unlike traditional genres such as poetry and prose, sanwen offers readers a distinctive perspective on the world, enabling the author to freely express personal thoughts, emotions, and observations. This study examines the transformation of the sanwen genre in Chinese literature, its historical progression, key authors, and its influence on modern literary discourse.

Semantic and Stylistic Features of Formative Morphemes in Anthroponym

2025-06-13T06:45:48+00:00

This article analyzes the semantic and stylistic features of formative morphemes involved in the formation of anthroponyms. It highlights the role of affixal units within the naming system, their contribution to meaning construction, and their functions as markers of both individual and social identity. Using examples from Uzbek anthroponyms, the study explores the functional load and connotative meanings of these morphemes. The findings contribute to understanding how morphological elements in personal names reflect cultural, social, and stylistic contexts.

Sobir O'nar's Poetics: Synthesizing Folkloric Traditions with Realist and Paranormal Dimensions

2025-06-16T06:43:32+00:00

This paper explores the synthesis of folkloric motifs, realist narrative techniques, and paranormal elements in the modern Uzbek novella Chambilbelning oydalasi by Sobir O‘nar. The study demonstrates how the author fuses metaphysical thinking with national traditions to articulate spiritual transformation and moral renewal through the depiction of clinical death and out-of-body experiences. The work is evaluated through a modernist lens, revealing its philosophical and symbolic complexity.

Youth and Environmental Awareness: Uzbekistan's Experience and Prospects

2025-06-09T19:16:43+00:00

Environmental degradation in Uzbekistan—from the shrinking Aral Sea to rising urban heat stress—has intensified public concern and placed youth at the forefront of sustainability debates. This article explores how environmental awareness has developed among Uzbek youth since 2021, identifies the educational, social-media, and volunteer mechanisms that shape it, and assesses prospects for deeper engagement by 2030. Using a mixed-methods design, the study triangulates (i) a systematic review of forty-three policy and research documents, (ii) statistical analysis of national programme data, and (iii) a qualitative survey of 145 young eco-activists from six regions conducted between September 2024 and April 2025. Results indicate that the nationwide “Yashil Makon” campaign, digital advocacy networks, and curriculum reforms have raised literacy on climate concepts and stimulated tree-planting, waste-sorting, and eco-entrepreneurship initiatives. Nevertheless, knowledge depth and sustained behaviour vary significantly between urban and rural locales, and institutional bottlenecks limit scaling. The discussion situates Uzbekistan’s case within global youth-environment literature and suggests policy measures such as integrated green curricula, participatory budgeting, and streamlined certification for eco-start-ups. Strengthening youth environmental awareness is shown to be essential to achieving national climate-resilience targets and fostering a culture of ecological stewardship.

The Concept of Happiness in The Linguistic Landscape of The Chinese World: The Case of The Han Ethnicity

2025-06-14T13:30:57+00:00

This article explores the Chinese perception of happiness within the linguistic worldview. It examines various conceptualizations and approaches to happiness in the Chinese context. Special attention is given to the analysis of traditional Chinese philosophical categories such as wǔxíng (五行 – the Five Elements), wǔlún (五伦 – the Five Cardinal Relationships), and wǔwèi (五纬 – the Five Dimensions). The article demonstrates, through linguistic examples, how the notion of happiness is systematically structured in the national linguistic consciousness of the Chinese people.

Biographical Approach to Fiction

2025-06-11T13:59:53+00:00

Biographical analysis is a type of analysis based on an approach to a work of art through the author me. The author's high personal observations are reproduced in the work. Analysis of these states in relation provides integration between the creator's life statement and his work.

The Interaction of Paralinguistics And Pragmatics in The Expression of Compliments in Uzbek And English Cultures

2025-06-15T12:08:09+00:00

This study explores the interaction between paralinguistics and pragmatics in the expression of compliments in Uzbek and English cultures. Compliments are considered speech acts in which nonverbal elements (gestures, facial expressions, intonation) play a crucial role in conveying sincerity and politeness. The research analyzes cultural variations in paralinguistic strategies based on linguistic and cultural features of both societies. A comparative analysis is conducted on gestures and intonational patterns used to express approval and praise. The findings provide valuable insights for specialists in intercultural communication, linguistics, and pragmatics, as well as for foreign language educators. The Interaction of Paralinguistics and Pragmatics in the Expression of Compliments in Uzbek and English Cultures.

Morpheme Hierarchy in Word Formation and Inflection in The Uzbek Language

2025-06-13T07:10:33+00:00

This article examines the hierarchical structure of morphemes in the Uzbek language, focusing on their role in word formation and inflection. As an agglutinative language, Uzbek constructs words through the sequential addition of affixes to a root, following a relatively fixed morpheme order. The study analyzes the distinction and interaction between derivational and inflectional morphemes and explores how their hierarchical positioning affects grammatical meaning and syntactic behavior. Particular attention is paid to the placement of morphemes in both noun and verb forms, as well as to exceptions and morphophonological processes that may alter standard patterns. Drawing on examples from contemporary Uzbek, the paper aims to clarify the rules that govern morpheme sequencing and contribute to a deeper understanding of Uzbek morphological typology. The findings are relevant for linguistic theory, language teaching, and computational applications such as natural language processing and automatic morphological analysis.

The Interpretation of Eternity in Lyric Works

2025-06-16T07:13:01+00:00

This article analyzes the interpretation of Sufi concepts in A. Navoi's works, particularly the categories of "fano" and "baqo" in lyrical works. The study illuminates the thinker's attitude to Sufism and the artistic expression of these concepts.

Podcast – A New Format in Journalism

2025-06-11T10:59:40+00:00

This scientific article provides a comprehensive and skillful exploration of what a podcast is, its origins, its role and significance in journalism, and its potential as a new media format.

The Papageno Effect: Harnessing the Power of The Media to Prevent Suicide

2025-06-14T13:49:19+00:00

While media reporting of suicide has long been scrutinized for its potentially harmful influence, recent research emphasizes the constructive role that responsible media can play in suicide prevention. This article explores the Papageno effect—named after a character in Mozart’s opera—highlighting how stories of resilience and help-seeking behavior can protect vulnerable audiences. Drawing on empirical data and international best practices, the paper underscores the importance of evidence-based journalism in mental health advocacy.

Effective Strategies for Teaching Speaking in ESL Classroom

2025-06-13T06:55:54+00:00

Speaking is a vital component of communicative competence and an essential skill for English language learners. Unlike receptive skills such as listening and reading, speaking demands immediate and spontaneous language use, often presenting significant challenges to ESL students. This article examines effective, research-based strategies for teaching speaking in ESL classrooms. These strategies include Task-Based Learning, Communicative Language Teaching, technology integration, scaffolding, error correction methods, and creating a supportive classroom environment. Emphasis is placed on balancing fluency and accuracy while promoting learner autonomy and confidence.

On the Reasons for The Diversity of The Cases in Modern Russian Language

2025-06-16T07:00:20+00:00

This work is devoted to the study of the case system of the modern Russian language, taking into account its historical development; the main stages of the formation and transformation of case forms are considered, as well as the reasons for the ambiguity of modern cases in connection with the merging of extinct cases with them.

Contrastive Analysis in Advertising Discourse in Uzbek And English Languages

2025-06-10T09:57:08+00:00

This article explores the concept of language play in advertising discourse, with a comparative analysis of Uzbek and English advertisements. It examines how linguistic creativity is employed to engage consumers, enhance brand recall, and create persuasive messaging. The study delves into rhetorical strategies, phonetic, morphological, and syntactic features, as well as cultural implications of language games in advertisements. Using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, this paper provides insights into how linguistic play influences consumer perception and market success.

Character 把 “bǎ” in Chinese Linguistics

2025-06-14T13:42:54+00:00

As a word, the character 把 “bǎ” in the Chinese lexicon is somewhat complex, yet it is one of the most frequently used, flexible, and widely applicable words in the language. This is due to its ability to occupy different syntactic positions in a sentence, thereby expressing various meanings and performing multiple functions. Chinese linguists have proposed a variety of perspectives and interpretations regarding the analysis of the character 把 “bǎ” in their research. This article presents and discusses the views of these scholars concerning the usage and functions of 把.

The Features of Descriptive Details in Literary Texts

2025-06-13T06:48:50+00:00

This article examines the expressive and narrative function of artistic and characterological detail in literary texts, focusing on works by Anton Chekhov and Uzbek authors such as H. Sultonov and Erkin Vohidov. The analysis shows how seemingly minor details –gestures, shifts in speech, symbolic objects, and spatial descriptions—serve to reveal deep emotional and psychological layers of character. Drawing on Chekhov’s “Sleepy,” “Fat and Thin,” and “The Chameleon,” as well as Vohidov’s poem “A Legend About Ignorance” and Sultonov’s short story “Yo Jamshid,” the study explores how details operate as subtle yet powerful devices of stylistic intensification, symbolic resonance, and character construction. The findings confirm that such details are not decorative, but structurally integral to the ideological, aesthetic, and psychological dimensions of the narrative.

Integrated Skills Approach in English Teaching

2025-06-16T06:47:44+00:00

The Integrated Skills Approach (ISA) has emerged as a pivotal pedagogical method in English language teaching, aiming to foster comprehensive communicative competence by simultaneously developing learners' listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills. This article explores the theoretical foundations and practical applications of ISA in various instructional settings, emphasizing its alignment with real-world language use. Drawing on contemporary research and classroom-based case studies, the paper analyzes how integrated instruction enhances learner motivation, language retention, and authentic communication. The study also examines the challenges educators may face in implementing this approach, such as curriculum constraints, assessment issues, and teacher preparedness. The findings underscore the importance of teacher training and curriculum design in effectively integrating language skills to support meaningful learning experiences. Ultimately, the article advocates for a balanced, context-sensitive use of ISA to enrich English language pedagogy and meet the diverse needs of modern learners.

Typology of Artistic Composition in Uzbek Story

2025-06-10T09:38:23+00:00

This article analyzes the continuation of tradition in the construction of artistic composition in youth prose and its renewal in contemporary interpretation. Based on examples, it examines how skillfully organized compositional integrity can become an important factor in revealing the author's artistic intent and aesthetic position. It also analyzes how some compositional devices, having become an interperiodic literary tradition, continue to exist in contemporary storytelling.

Chinese Dramas of the 1990s In The 20th Century

2025-06-14T13:35:46+00:00

This article contributes to the history of the debate and development of New Era drama and dramaturgy in China in the 1980s and 1990s. The formation of new era drama was influenced primarily by two factors: the experience of the "Seventeen Years" period of 话剧 (huà jù, spoken drama), and the concepts and practices of Western modernist drama. Five major dramatic systems from Europe and America—including Brecht's epic theatre, absurd drama theory, Grotowski's poor theatre, Peter Brook's intense drama, and others—had a significant impact on Chinese dramaturgy. The text highlights the discussions around dramaturgy concepts in the 1980s, focusing on the re-examination of realism, modernism, and classical dramatic models in China. Theories of Gao Xingjian and other dramatists, new dramatic forms, creative explorations, and perspectives on contemporary Western drama are analyzed.Furthermore, the text provides information about new dramaturgical tendencies influenced by social themes, modernist styles, symbolism, expressionism, and absurd drama. It also covers creative discussions among the public and specialists regarding dramaturgy, alongside its theoretical and practical aspects. Through examples of plays by Ma Zhongjun, Gao Xingjian, Yan Haiping, and others, the text outlines the stages of formation and development of new dramaturgy in China. During this period, dramaturgy sought a balance between realism and modernism while striving to express social, cultural, and philosophical issues through artistic means.