Wisdom is a critical factor for effective leadership and organizational success, encompassing not only technical knowledge but also ethical judgment, situational awareness, and social responsibility. While artificial intelligence (AI) can process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and support decision-making, it cannot replicate the depth of learning derived from human experience and reflection. This review examines the nature of wisdom, highlighting the roles of experience and failure in cultivating practical, context-sensitive, and ethically grounded decision-making. It also explores the limitations of AI in transmitting tacit knowledge, moral insight, and reflective understanding. Drawing on examples from management practice, the paper demonstrates that AI enhances efficiency and analytical capacity but cannot substitute for the nuanced judgment and human-centered learning that underpin wise leadership. The findings underscore the importance of integrating AI tools with experiential learning, reflective practices, and ethical deliberation to develop adaptive, resilient, and morally aware leaders in complex organizational environments.

Wisdom, Leadership, Knowledge Transmission

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