In recent years, improving thermal insulation in buildings has become a key priority for enhancing energy efficiency, reducing costs, and promoting environmental sustainability. This article explores modern methods for improving thermal insulation, including advanced materials such as aerogels and vacuum insulation panels (VIPs), as well as smart technologies like phase-change materials (PCMs) and intelligent building systems. Additionally, the study highlights the benefits of reflective and radiant barrier insulation, along with eco-friendly alternatives such as natural fibers and recycled materials. By integrating these innovative solutions, architects and engineers can significantly enhance the thermal performance of buildings while minimizing energy consumption.

Thermal insulation, energy efficiency, aerogels

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